Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
a) The image A'B'C'D' is smaller than the original ABCD, so the dilation is a reduction. The image is reduced in size from the original.
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b) Each image point is 1/2 the distance of the original point from the origin. Count the grid squares to see this, or compare coordinates:
A'(-1, 2) = 1/2·A(-2, 4)
Thus the scale factor is 1/2.