Answer:
Limiting factors.
Explanation:
Carrying capacity may be defined the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by the environment without causing any problem to the environment. The population size increases below the carrying capacity and population size starts decreasing above the carrying capacity.
Limiting factors like food, surface area, water can limit the population growth. The absence of food may result in decline in the population. Hence, limiting factors determine the carrying capacity.
Thus, the answer is option (4).
