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According to the top down control, each trophic level is controlled by the very next trophic level. It says that predators control the population of prey.
Therefor the correct answer is D
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The effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community (Option D).
- The top-down control refers to the biological phenomenon where populations at higher trophic levels regulate the population size of organisms in lower trophic levels.
- The top-down control is also known as a predator-driven system, which means that predators control the trophic chain.
- In consequence, in a top-down control model, the interaction between a top predator and their prey regulates the size of the populations in lower trophic levels.
- Conversely, in a bottom-up control model, the control is driven by the producers present in the ecosystem.
In conclusion, the effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community (Option D).
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