According to the Environmental Protection Agency, chloroform, which in its gaseous form is suspected to be a cancer-causing agent, is present in small quantities in all the country's 240,000 public water sources. If the mean and standard deviation of the amounts of chloroform present in water sources are 38 and 59 micrograms per liter (µg/L), respectively, explain why chloroform amounts do not have a normal distribution

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Answer and Step-by-step explanation

Normally, the mean ± standard deviation,  μ±σ gives a better approximation of the measurements. And these two are related to the distribution of data in a data-set thus:

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very close to the mean, whereas high standard deviation indicates that the data is spread out over a large range of values. A normal distribution is a very important statistical data distribution pattern occurring in many natural phenomena.

So, when the σ >> μ, it indicates that the data points are spread around the mean in a really weird manner, especially considering that the subject matter of the data points is the concentration of chloroform in water samples. It means some data points can be possibly negative because of this weird setup between mean and standard deviation. And concentration of a substance cannot be negative.

It is not possible, because test scores cannot be negative and the standard deviation being larger than the mean (for a normal distribution this means that negative values will be possible and even likely to occur.