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In Earth’s Northern Hemisphere summers are hot with plenty hours of strong sunlight and the winters are cold due to reduced daylight hours and weak sunlight.
This is because the Earth is tilted on its axis.
To picture this axis, envision an imaginary stick going through Earth from its North to South poles.
This axis isn't upright up and down as Earth orbits roundabout the sun. It is TILTED at an ANGLE just ABOUT 23 DEFREES and also in a fixed position and direction in space.
This tilt affects how the sunlight affects Earth at a certain location in its all year orbit. During summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the North Pole is in the direction of the sun, receiving more sun's rays while the Southern Hemisphere at winter is pointed away from the sun, with its rays at mid way of Earth on a slant.
Take for example, When a book is tilted back 45 degrees, from a source of light - flashlight, it gives an oval shape that is dimmer and larger. The more it is tilted at a distance from the flashlight, it gives a more slanted light rays(it's weaker since it overlay a wider area and heat the air and surface less as in direct rays) that strikes the paper's surface.
The same phenomenon is seen with Earth and the sun. When Earth's North Pole is tilted in the direction of the sun, the direct rays produces stronger sunlight and warmth in North America-summertime—in relation to when the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. This will cause North America to have less direct rays and more slanted rays, producing much cold— wintertime.
