Step-by-step explanation:
If the color of the pen is equally likely to occur in either package, the probability of having a blue pen in any one package is $\frac{1}{4}$ or 0.25. Simulation is then used to find an approximate answer to the question. Students choose a tool or system that produces a defined outcome with a likelihood of 0.25 to model the method of purchasing cereal boxes before a blue pen is located. Random integers 1, 2, 3, 4, with, assume, 1 denoting gray, would function (like four sides of a six-sided die, etc.). They then produce a number of outcomes for the simulated case and gather evidence for the distribution of waiting times.
There is a list of random integers that generates 9 simulation checks, the corresponding waiting times for a 1 (blue) to be 2, 5, 4, 1, 4, 3, 4, 3, 3.