Answer:
A. p(hat) = .139
We divide our sample population by the amount who tested positive. 14851/107109 = .139.
B. 1.62 million
We just multiply the p times the population. 11.69 M * .139 = 1.62 M
C. No
It depends upon the sample method. From what I can tell, I assume all conditions are met and it was not biased.
If it wasn't random, that is a problem, but we aren't given this information.
We can test if it's small enough. It can't be larger than 10% of the population. 107109 * 10 < 11.69 million, so it's small enough.
We can also test if it's large enough. np and nq must be greater than 10. 107100 * .139 > 10, 107100 * .861 > 10.
