In 1909, Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment to explore the atomic structure. In his experiment, he projected high-speed α‎ particles onto a thin gold foil. He found that all α‎ particles did not follow the same path. Most of the particles passed through the foil without any scattering, implying that most of the space in an atom is empty. Some particles were scattered at a large angle, and very few of them scattered back in the direction from which they had come. Based on these observations, Rutherford proposed an atomic model, which is known as Rutherford’s atomic model.
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In 1909 Ernest Rutherford proposed to Geiger and Marsden to conduct an experiment in which they would have to launch alpha particles from a radioactive source against a gold foil a few atoms thick.

The aim of the experiment was to corroborate Rutherford's idea that the particles would pass through the metal foil with little deviation.

Rutherford's interpretation of the experimental results gave rise to a new atomic model, and concluded that the mass of the atom was concentrated in a small region of positive charges that impeded the passage of alpha particles. He suggested a new model in which the atom had a nucleus or center in which the mass and the positive charge are concentrated, and that in the extra nuclear zone are the negatively charged electrons.