Answer:
a The author uses the drum to represent Balboa's mortality.
e. The author uses the ship to represent being punished for one's crime.
Explanation:
The author has used symbols to compare things and explain the history. He uses simile technique to express his views. The jaguar is considered as of great and powerful animal. It is often used in comparison for strong nations. The author has used ship as to represent the punishment for one's crime.