Answer:
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material in all living things. In eukaryotic organisms, this molecule (DNA) is found within a nucleus, while in prokaryotic organisms DNA is localized in the cytoplasm, in a region named nucleoid (prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus). The DNA consists of two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other in order to form a double helix. The genes are made up of DNA, and they represent the basic units of heredity. In the first place, genes are transcribed into RNA molecules by an RNA polymerase (RNA pol), and, subsequently, this RNA molecule (generally mRNA) moves to the cytoplasm to be translated into proteins in ribosomes. An allele is a variant of the same gene that exhibits differences in the nucleotide sequence (i.e., mutations). The different alleles may encode different but related variants of the same protein, since these differences may encode different amino acids, thereby leading to phenotypic differences in the same trait that are heritable. A genome represents the complete set of the genetic material of an organism. The genome is the collection of all set of genes and its non-coding DNA (i.e., nucleotide sequences that don't encode proteins). In eukaryotes, the genome is represented by one or more nuclear chromosomes and the mitochondrial genome, while in procaryotes the genome is represented by a single chromosome (i.e., a circular DNA molecule).
