Read the following passage and answer the questions.

“Meanwhile, in Africa, the
Arabs had been playing an instrument called the al-ud, or 'the wood,’ for centuries. When the Moors crossed the Straits of Gibraltar in the twelfth century to conquer Spain, they brought this instrument with them. It quickly became popular, and by the time anybody who spoke English was talking about it, al-ud had become lute….The Moorish artistic influence, blowing the cobwebs away from the stodgy Spanish art and society, created an artistic climate that encouraged music to flourish. And so, the instruments on which the music was played flourished as well,and continued to evolve and improve. This is a contribution that cannot be overstated.”

These statements, “blowing the cobwebs away from the stodgy Spanish art and society” exemplifies—

The phrase “blowing the cobwebs away from the stodgy Spanish art and society” implies that Spanish art and society had become so dull with no development or movement such that metaphorically speaking, cobwebs had formed on them.

This is the opinion of the author because they have judged Spanish art and society to be boring by their own standards. It therefore is not necessarily a fact and neither does it constitute either evidence or data.