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The history of the Holocaust is complex and vast. While The Holocaust Explained is not able to cover every aspect of Holocaust history, it does seek to aid understanding and help learners to navigate through the sequence of events. This timeline aims to take readers through the main events preceding, during, and following the Holocaust.
9 November 1923
Beer Hall Putsch
Beer Hall Putsch
Hitler and the Nazi Party unsuccessfully tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic. This event became known as the Beer Hall Putsch.
30 January 1933
Hitler appointed as chancellor
Hitler Appointed As Chancellor
Following inconclusive elections, President Hindenburg invited Hitler to become chancellor of Germany.
27 February 1933
The Reichstag Fire
The Reichstag Fire
The Reichstag building in Berlin was set on fire. Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch communist, was taken into custody for the crime and later executed. The Nazi government exploited the fire and declared a state of emergency.
22 March 1933
Dachau Is Established
The first Nazi concentration camp was established in Dachau. Until its liberation in 1945, more than 188,000 prisoners were incarcerated here, at least 28,000 of which died.
23 March 1933
The Enabling Act Is Passed
The Enabling Act was passed in the Reichstag, granting the government dictatorial powers for four years.
1 April 1933
Boycott of Jewish businesses
Boycott Of Jewish Businesses
The Nazis carried out a boycott of Jewish-owned businesses and shops. This was the first mass action the regime took against the Jews of Germany.
7 April 1933
The Law For The Restoration Of The Professional Civil Service
The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service banned Jews and dissidents from the Civil Service. As a result, Jewish teachers, professors, judges and other civil servants lost their jobs.
10 May 1933
Book Burnings
Book Burnings
University students publicly burned books that were considered ‘un-German’ or written by Jewish authors in Berlin. In the following days, similar burnings were held in several German cities.
14 July 1933
The Sterilisation Law is passed
The Sterilisation Law Is Passed
The Sterilisation Law was passed, forcing compulsory sterilisation of disabled or mentally ill people. Approximately 400,000 people were sterilised as a result.
20 July 1933
Concordat with the Vatican
Concordat With The Vatican
The Roman Catholic Church signed a Concordat with the Nazi government. This made the Vatican the first state to officially recognise Nazi Germany.
4 October 1933
The Editorship Law is passed
The Editorship Law Is Passed
The Editorship Law was passed. This law imposed strict rules on what newspapers were allowed to publish. Non-‘Aryans’ were banned from working in journalism.
26 January 1934
The German-Polish Non-Aggression-Pact Is Agreed
Germany and Poland signed a 10-year non-aggression pact.
30 June 1934
The Night of the Long Knives
The Night Of The Long Knives
A purge of the SA leadership was ordered by Hitler, who falsely accused them of conspiring against the government. Over the course of three days, more than 150 people were murdered, including the SA Chief of Staff Ernst Röhm.
2 August 1934
The death of Hindenburg
The Death Of Hindenburg
The German President Paul von Hindenburg died. Following Hindenburg’s death, Hitler merged the positions of President and Chancellor.
1 May 1935
Jehovah’s Witnesses Banned
The German government issued a ban on all organisations of the Jehovah’s Witnesses.
28 June 1935
Revision Of Paragraph 175
Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code was revised to impose stricter penalties on any sexual contact between men, increasing the number of convictions by ten. Many of the convicted were taken to concentration camps.
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