The support for African independence and nationalism is one of the effects of Pan-Africanism following World War l, therefore the answer is D.
Pan-Africanism is a worldwide political and cultural movement focused on promoting brotherhood and unification of people of African descent. Based on the principle that all people of African descent have much in common and it is in the best interest of all to stand as a unified African nation.
Although options A, B, and C are ideas that were discussed often during this time period, they were never the focal point of the movement nor do they represent a cause of Pan-Africanism. This is why options A, B and C are incorrect.
An example as to why option D, (to support African independence and nationalism) is correct is that following World War l, a Black nationalist from Jamaica named Marcus Garvey actively promoted the liberation and independence of African countries, he led an organization known as the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). This organization boasted numerous members and was very active in promoting the ideas they held. The idea of African independence and nationalism is tied very closely with the Pan-Africanism movement through the actions of this and many other organizations.
For more on Pan-Africanism see:
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