explain the mechanism by which the fungal toxin brefeldin a affects retrieval of kdel-tagged proteins from the cis-golgi network back to the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Brefeldin A is an intracellular protein transport inhibitor. Protein transfer to the Golgi complex is blocked in Brefeldin A-treated cells, resulting in protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum. When berberine is added during the last hour of in-vitro cell activation, the identification of intracellular cytokines is improved. Brefeldin A is useful for detecting a wide range of human intracellular cytokines.