1. Which of the following physical landforms acted as a barrier to cultural diffusion from Northern to Central and Southern Africa?
A. The Sahara Desert
B. The Congo Rainforest
C. The Great Rift Valley
D. The Namib Desert
2. Many Sub-Saharan governments struggle to provide their citizens with running water, plumbing, electricity, roads, hospitals, police departments, and fire department; in other words,they all struggle to provide this for its citizens:
A. Economic opportunities
B. Inalienable rights
C. Infrastructure
D. Push Factors of migration
3. Which of the following has been a major ‘push’ factor for many in Africa?
A. unstable governments
B. oil-rich lands
C. desalination plants
D. opportunities for education

The desert divides the continent of Africa into two parts - North and Sub-Saharan Africa, creating distinct cultures in both areas. The division between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa is not only a physical division, but it also divides the continent in other ways.

Most northern African countries share cultural characteristics with countries in the neighboring Middle East. The most notable characteristic that binds the northern countries is the presence of the Islamic religion in these countries.

The desert has protected Sub-Saharan Africa from invasion from countries in the north. The Sub-Saharan region is home to many natural resources, but as a result of European colonization, mining companies have exploited many of these resources and other businesses related to the industry. This left Sub-Saharan Africa with a high rate of poverty.