PART A - So the ruler is 22.86 centimeters tall, and after measuring with an inch ruler, is also 9 inches tall.
ruler = 22.86cm
ruler = 9 in
You can equate 22.86cm and 9in because they both equal the length of the ruler (transitive property).
22.86cm = 9in
Then you can write a proportionality equation.
[tex] \frac{22.86cm}{9in} = \frac{x}{1in} \\ [/tex]
Part B -
Cross multiplying,
[tex](9in)x = (22.86cm)1 \\
x = \frac{22.86cm}{9in}= 2.54cm/in[/tex]
Part C - We can use something called dimensional analysis - multiplying 12 cm by (1in/2.54cm) - in order to change the units from inches to cm. This is possible because 1in = 2.54cm, the fraction 1in/2.54cm = 1. And also the units cm will cancel out.
[tex] \frac{12cm}{1} * \frac{1in}{2.54cm} = 4.72in[/tex]