The context refers to the irresponsibility of the noble class and the church towards the poor people of Ireland. As 21st-century readers, we can understand that Swift was making a social critique of the exploitation and abandonment of the lower social classes.
For Swift, poverty was created by the bad division of income and possessions in Ireland. This is because the upper social classes and the clergy owned all the wealth of the country and did not share it with society. This pettiness promoted the lower classes who did not have the resources to change their situation but were seen as a problem for those who could change it.
This question is incomplete. The full question is "How important is the context here? How can we, as 21st-century readers, begin to understand the true intent of Swift's piece “A Modest Proposal"?
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