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Complex 1

Complex 2

In aerobic respiration, NADH is oxidized at Complex 1, while FADH2 is oxidized at Complex 2.

What is aerobic respiration?

  • In the presence of oxygen gas, cells undergo cellular respiration, which is how energy from food is produced.
  • The majority of plants, animals, birds, humans, and other mammals all engage in this sort of respiration regularly.
  • As byproducts of this process, water and carbon dioxide are created.

Which five steps make up aerobic respiration?

  • Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs's cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis are the five steps that must occur for aerobic respiration to take place.

What is glycolysis?

  • A cytoplasmic mechanism called glycolysis converts glucose into two molecules with three carbons each and releases energy.
  • Hexokinase, a phosphorylating enzyme, assists in the phosphorylation process that traps glucose.
  • This reaction uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the end result, glucose-6-P, inhibits hexokinase.

What is pyruvate oxidation?

  • It takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
  • Overall, pyruvate oxidation transforms the three-carbon molecule into the two-carbon molecule acetyl CoA  , C, o, A, which is attached to Coenzyme A.
  • This results in a NADH , N, A, D, H, and the release of one carbon dioxide molecule.

What is Krebs cycle?

  • The primary source of energy for cells and an essential component of aerobic respiration is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sometimes referred to as the Krebs or citric acid cycle.
  • The cycle converts the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) chemical energy into the reducing force of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).

What is Electron transport chain?

  • The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes that combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP.
  • Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria.

What is chemiosmosis?

  • The process of ions (often H+ ions, commonly referred to as protons) diffusing across a membrane that is selectively permeable is known as chemiosmosis.
  • Chemiosmosis produces a concentration gradient of the diffusing ion across the membrane, similar to osmosis.
  • Potential energy that can perform work is present in concentration gradients.

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