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Research and development expenses, since these costs are intended to spur future growth, they should be considered capital expenses.

The term "expenditure on research and development" (R&D) refers to all costs associated with conducting research at colleges, universities, and other institutions of higher learning, whether those costs are covered by general institutional funds, specific grants, or contracts with public or private sponsors. Nearly US$ 1.7 trillion has been spent globally on research and development, which is a record high. Approximately 10 nations receive 80% of the money spent on expenditure on research and development. Countries have committed to significantly boosting public and corporate R&D spending as well as the number of researchers by 2030 as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The total amount spent on R&D, and expenditure on research and development in the US was $607.5 billion.

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