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Despite being extremely profitable, slavery had a detrimental effect just on southern economy. It hindered the growth of towns and industries and was a factor in high debt levels, soil depletion, and a dearth of technical innovation.

"Slavery is no scholar, no improver," wrote the philosopher as well as poet Ralph Waldo Emerson. "It does not love this same whistle of the railroad. It does not love the newspaper. It does not love the mailbag. It does not love a college. It does not love a book. It does not love a preacher who has the ridiculous whim of saying what he thinks. It does not boost the white population. It does not improve the soil. Everything goes to decay." The comment Emerson made seems to have a lot of merit.

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