An important characteristic of aquatic dead zones is a low concentration of oxygen.
Dead zones are areas of water where aquatic life cannot survive due to a lack of oxygen. Dead zones are typically caused by significant nutrient pollution and are especially problematic in bays, lakes, and coastal waters because they receive excess nutrients from upstream sources. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus cause an explosion of algae in a short period of time, a phenomenon known as algae blooms. Algae growth consumes oxygen and blocks sunlight from reaching underwater plants. When the algae dies, the oxygen in the water is depleted.
Aquatic life is unable to survive due to a lack of oxygen.Elevated nutrient levels and algal blooms can also cause drinking water problems in communities near and upstream of dead zones. Toxins released by harmful algal blooms contaminate drinking water, causing illnesses in both animals and humans.
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